Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis

A 59-year-old woman with a history of persistent low back pain presents to the clinic with intermittent claudication and worsening right leg pain. The patient denies any bladder or bowel symptoms. On physical examination, there is bilateral lower extremity weakness specifically in the right extensor hallucis longus. The patient also demonstrates decreased sensation to light touch over the dorsum of the foot. Diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates an L5-S1 spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. Given the persistent neurological symptoms and evidence of spinal instability the patients is scheduled to undergo a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF).